Hematology & Oncology
Peer-reviewed articles on cancer and disorders of the blood.
This page collects peer-reviewed articles on cancer and disorders of the blood: solid tumours, haematological malignancies, cancer therapies and their complications. Most come from ASIDE Oncology, with related articles from ASIDE Internal Medicine and other ASIDE journals. It includes original research, reviews of new treatments, population studies of cancer outcomes, and case reports. Every article is free to read under a CC BY 4.0 licence, and authors pay no fee to publish. Articles are listed newest first; follow a title to read the abstract and full text.
Articles from ASIDE Case Reports, ASIDE Gastroenterology, ASIDE Health Sciences, ASIDE Internal Medicine and ASIDE Oncology, newest first.
Articles
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Suspected Pembrolizumab-Associated Encephalitis Presenting as Altered Mental Status in an Elderly Patient with Cancer: A Case Report
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab are increasingly used in cancer therapy and are associated with rare but serious immune-related neurological adverse effects, including autoimmune encephalitis. An 83-year-old woman with stage IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma presented…
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Artificial Intelligence-Assisted EUS for Risk Stratification of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions for Predicting High-Grade Dysplasia, Invasive Cancer, and the Need for Surgical Referral
Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly detected on cross-sectional imaging, yet accurate risk stratification remains challenging. A clinically important minority, particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms, may progress to…
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National Trends in Pancreatic Cancer-Related Mortality: A Population-Based Analysis of Rural–Urban Disparities and the Distribution of Place of Death
Background: Pancreatic Cancer is the sixth deadliest cancer across the world, and its incidence has more than doubled in recent decades. The literature lacks comprehensive evidence on rural-urban and place-of-death mortality trends over the last two decades. This retrospective…
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Temporal Trends and Disparities in Liver Cell Carcinoma and Hepatic Failure Mortality in the United States: A 24-Year Analysis from CDC WONDER, 1999-2023
Background: Liver cell carcinoma (LCC) and hepatic failure (HF) are significant contributors to liver-related mortality in the United States. This study assessed LCC- and HF-related mortality trends (1999–2023) using CDC WONDER data, stratified by demographics and geography…
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Fatal Septic Shock with Presumed Urinary Source in a Patient with Clinically Suspected, Previously Undiagnosed Von Hippel–Lindau Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Background: Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare form of autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that affects multiple organs, such as the retina and brain hemangioblastoma, renal disease, and other visceral malignancies. Delayed diagnosis is a significant reason for avoidable…
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Early Palliative Care in Gastrointestinal Oncology: Evidence, Implementation Models, and Ethical Considerations
Background: Early palliative care is increasingly recognized as an important component of high-quality cancer care; however, the timing and extent of its integration vary across oncologic disciplines, including gastrointestinal (GI) oncology. Patients with GI malignancies…
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Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Masquerading as Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Diagnostic Challenge with Surgical Management in a Resource-Limited Setting in Tanzania
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare syndrome of mucinous ascites that often mimics common conditions such as decompensated cirrhosis. Diagnostic delays are frequent, especially in resource-limited settings where advanced imaging and histopathology are unavailable. A…
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Divergent Temporal Trends in Site-Specific Sarcoma Mortality in the United States, 1999–2020: A Population-Based Analysis
Background: Sarcomas are heterogeneous malignancies with prognoses that vary markedly by anatomical site. Whether population-level mortality trends differ across anatomical locations remains unclear. Methods: Sarcoma-related deaths in the United States from 1999 to 2020 were…
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Incidental Bilateral Pulmonary Emboli and Reactive Lymphadenopathy Secondary to Pancreatic Duct Leak in a Patient with Pancreatic Pseudocyst: A Case Report
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). We report a 40-year-old male who presented with a left breast lump and was found to have mild hyperprolactinemia and elevated pancreatic enzymes. Initial workup with abdominopelvic CT scan revealed…
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Improving Adherence to Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Guidelines in Medical Inpatients: A Single-center, Prospective, Closed-loop Clinical Audit in a Medical Department
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Evidence-based guidelines recommend systematic risk assessment and appropriate prophylaxis; however, adherence in routine clinical practice remains…
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Life-Threatening Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient with Suspected Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Severe Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis and obstetric complications in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Pulmonary embolism (PE), a frequent thrombotic manifestation of APS, can be…
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Long-Term Shifts and Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis (1999–2023)
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States despite advances in screening and treatment. Prior national studies have documented long-term declines in CRC mortality; however, emerging demographic and disparities…
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The Relationship Between pks⁺ Escherichia coli and Colorectal Cancer: A Review
Introduction: According to GLOBOCAN estimates, colorectal cancer (CRC) was the third most common cancer worldwide in 2020, comprising 11% of all cancer diagnoses. Researchers’ interest in CRC development has shifted toward the gastrointestinal microbiome, especially the…
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Federated Hybrid CNN Vision Transformer Framework for Breast Cancer Classification Under Simulated Non-IID Settings
Background: Breast cancer diagnosis increasingly relies on data-driven learning from heterogeneous medical imaging sources. However, centralized deep learning approaches face major limitations, including privacy risks, institutional data silos, and limited generalization across…
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Late Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Progression of Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report
Gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) metastases from breast cancer are uncommon and are most frequently associated with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). These metastases may occur many years after initial diagnosis and can closely mimic primary colorectal or urothelial…
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Biomarkers in Hemophilia: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Treatment-Selection Utility: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Background: Hemophilia A and B are inherited bleeding disorders in which outcomes are shaped by factor levels, inhibitor development, inter-individual pharmacokinetics, and progressive joint disease. With the emergence of extended half-life therapies, non-factor therapies, and…
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Cellular Neurothekeoma with Atypical Histologic Features in the Thigh: A Case Report
Neurothekeoma is a rare, benign neoplastic process that most commonly presents on the head and neck of young adults. We report a case of cellular neurothekeoma in a middle-aged woman with a thigh lesion showing histologic features that closely mimicked malignant tumors…
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Kidney Transplantation in a Patient with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Narrative Literature Review
Chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease are frequently observed in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, and multiple myeloma, although kidney failure is not always directly…
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Neuropsychiatric Decline in a Patient with Extensive Cerebral Metastases: An Overlooked Case of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Acute behavioural changes in patients with newly discovered cerebral metastases are often attributed to disease progression, corticosteroid-induced psychosis, or oncological treatment-related toxicity. However, withdrawal of psychotropics such as Trazodone can cause similar…
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Solid Tumors: Mechanisms, Clinical Advances, and Emerging Resistance Patterns
Introduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a transformative therapeutic modality in oncology, combining targeted antibody delivery with potent cytotoxic payloads. This narrative literature review examines ADC development for solid tumors, emphasizing advances from…
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Sepsis Mortality Among Patients with Myeloid Leukemia in the United States, 1999–2023: Insights, Trends, and Disparities
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that complicates major diseases like myeloid leukemia. Both conditions can lead to morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, trends in sepsis among myeloid leukemia patients remain understudied. Methods…
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Early clinical signals for Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Hydrogel in Radiation-induced Skin Injury
Background: Radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) affects 85-90\% of radiotherapy patients, with limited effective treatment options available. A recent Phase II randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of placental mesenchymal stem cell (PMSC)-embedded alginate…
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Demographic Factors of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients with Paralytic Ileus Among Adults in the United States: A Retrospective Study for Mortality Trends
Background: Paralytic ileus is a serious postoperative complication among individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although mortality trends for CRC and paralytic ileus have been described separately, long-term national patterns involving both conditions have not been examined…
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Multiple Myeloma and Chronic Kidney Disease–Related Mortality, 1999–2023: A Population-Based Time-Trend Analysis
Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) representing a major complication. This study aims to analyze national mortality trends, demographic differences, and geographic variation related to MM and CKD…
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A Hidden Carcinoma with Mixed Squamous and Neuroendocrine Differentiation Revealed Through Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia: A Case Report
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is most associated with squamous cell carcinomas, but can also be observed in many advanced cancers. It is usually mediated through parathyroid hormone-related protein and is known as humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. We present a rare case of…
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Disparities and Trends in Polycythemia Vera–Related Mortality in U.S. Adults Aged ≥45 Years from 1999 to 2023
Background: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by excessive red blood cell production, leading to increased risk of thrombosis and other complications. Despite its clinical significance, trends in PV mortality across demographic groups in…
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Comparative Outcomes of Esophageal Stent Placement in Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study of 183 Cases
Introduction: Esophageal stent placement is a vital, minimally invasive procedure for alleviating dysphagia and enabling smoother food passage. It offers immediate relief, reduces hospital stays, and enhances quality of life for high-risk patients. Effective for both malignant…
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Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein, and Skin Changes (POEMS) Syndrome in the Middle East: A Case Report
POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein gammopathy, and skin changes. We report the first case of POEMS syndrome in Egypt. We report a 37-year-old Egyptian male who presented with left…
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Trends in Mortality from Leukemia and Ischemic Heart Disease: A 22-Year Analysis in the U.S. (1999-2020)
Introduction: Leukemia and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are major U.S. mortality causes. This study analyzes national mortality trends from 1999 to 2020 to assess the impact of public health efforts in leukemia-associated IHD mortality rates. Methods: This retrospective study…
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Gastrointestinal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Multifaceted Malady
Lymphomas account for approximately 5% of human malignancies and are classified as Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin variants. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) constitute nearly 90% of all lymphomas, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being the most prevalent histological subtype…
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Outcome of Kidney Transplant Patients Following Treatment with Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Series
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing immune surveillance against tumors. However, their use in kidney transplant recipients presents a significant challenge due to the risk of immune-mediated graft rejection. This retrospective…
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Bone Marrow Necrosis in A Male Patient with Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report with Literature Review
Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease causing arterial and venous thrombosis, leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is defined as the death of hematopoietic tissue and the loss of fat cells in a bone…
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Management of Venous Thromboembolism in a Patient with Duplicated Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report and Literature Review
Anatomic variations of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare, occurring in less than 3% of the population, yet they can pose significant clinical and procedural challenges. We report the case of a 68-year-old male with a contraindication to anticoagulation due to…
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Benign Pheochromocytoma Coming Back with Bony Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Pheochromocytoma is an uncommon adrenal medulla tumor that secretes catecholamines. It is usually a benign condition and is generally treated with adrenalectomy; in a small proportion of cases, however, it might return or spread. Pheochromocytoma is uncommon to recur or…
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Hybrid Schwannoma of the Nasal Cavity: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Sinonasal schwannomas are extremely rare, comprising only 4% of all head and neck schwannomas. Their atypical location and nonspecific symptoms often result in delayed diagnosis. This case highlights a rare hybrid schwannoma in the right nasal cavity of a young female…
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Efficacy and Safety of Tislelizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy versus Placebo Plus Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Introduction: Advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) is an aggressive malignancy often having a poor prognosis. Despite current systemic therapies, GC/GEJC remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tislelizumab, an…
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting as Bilateral Proptosis: A Case Report with Literature Review
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), constituting 30% of pediatric malignancies, is the most common childhood cancer. This paper explores the rare presentation of AML with extramedullary involvement, specifically bilateral proptosis, in a 15-year-old boy. Case report: The…
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Real-World Epidemiological Analysis of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A TriNetX-Based Study
Introduction: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas (GI-NECs) are a diverse group of aggressive tumors with variable clinical outcomes. Although progress has been made in classifying and treating these cancers, detailed real-world data on their anatomical distribution and…
