Infectious Diseases
Peer-reviewed articles on bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections.
This page collects peer-reviewed articles on bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections, sepsis, and infection prevention. Most come from ASIDE Infectious Diseases, with related articles from ASIDE Internal Medicine and other ASIDE journals. It includes original research, population studies, reviews and case reports of unusual infections. Every article is free to read under a CC BY 4.0 licence, and authors pay no fee to publish. Articles are listed newest first; follow a title to read the abstract and full text.
Articles from ASIDE Cardiovascular, ASIDE Case Reports, ASIDE Gastroenterology, ASIDE Health Sciences, ASIDE Infectious Diseases, ASIDE Internal Medicine and ASIDE Oncology, newest first.
Articles
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Chronic Maxillary Osteomyelitis Mimicking Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in a Woman With Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Background: Unilateral destructive sinonasal disease in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes immediately raises concern for rhino-maxillary mucormycosis. Because invasive fungal infection can progress rapidly, early recognition and tissue diagnosis are essential. However…
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Tuberculosis in People Experiencing Homelessness During the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review of Primary Observational Evidence
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health problem, disproportionately affecting people experiencing homelessness (PEH). During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare resources were redirected, potentially disrupting TB monitoring and care for this…
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Fatal Septic Shock with Presumed Urinary Source in a Patient with Clinically Suspected, Previously Undiagnosed Von Hippel–Lindau Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Background: Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare form of autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that affects multiple organs, such as the retina and brain hemangioblastoma, renal disease, and other visceral malignancies. Delayed diagnosis is a significant reason for avoidable…
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Rash, Fever, and a Diagnostic Puzzle: Recognizing MIS-C Among Mimicking Illnesses in a Child After COVID-19 Exposure — A Case Report
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a delayed hyperinflammatory condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection that can mimic Kawasaki disease, sepsis, and toxic shock. A previously healthy 9-year-old boy presented on illness day 5 with fever (102.9°F)…
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Cardiogenic Shock and Sepsis-Related Mortality in the United States, 1999-2025: National Trends, Disparities, and Forecasts to 2040
Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicated by sepsis is a life-threatening condition marked by circulatory collapse and systemic inflammation, with persistently high mortality despite critical care advances. National trends and disparities remain unclear. This study aimed to…
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Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Causing Severe Acute Hepatocellular Liver Injury With Evolving Cholestatic Features in a Young Adult: A Case Report and Contextual Review of Published Adult Cases
Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection usually causes mild aminotransferase elevation. Severe jaundiced hepatitis without encephalopathy is uncommon in adults. We describe a 20-year-old woman with primary EBV-associated acute liver injury and summarize a March 2026…
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Trends and Disparities of CVD Underlying-Cause Deaths with Pneumonia and Influenza Mentioned on the Death Certificate in the United States: A CDC WONDER Analysis.
Background: Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) may precipitate cardiovascular decompensation, yet long-term U.S. mortality patterns of P&I co-mention at death among cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths are not well described across sociodemographic and geographic strata. Methods…
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Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Egypt: A Narrative Review of the Current Landscape and Knowledge Gaps
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This review synthesizes the available local evidence of PJI in Egypt to identify the current landscape and knowledge gaps in the Egyptian healthcare…
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Probable Ocular Syphilis Presenting as Bilateral Panuveitis with Retinal Vasculitis in an HIV-Positive Patient with Concurrent Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Case Report
Ocular inflammation in people living with HIV presents diagnostic challenges when multiple opportunistic infections coexist. Attribution of ocular pathology becomes critical when microbiologic certainty is incomplete. A man in his 20s with newly diagnosed HIV presented with…
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Long-Term Trends in Sepsis Mortality Among Older U.S. Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease, 1999–2023
Background: Sepsis causes 1 in 3 U.S. hospital deaths, especially deadly among adults ≥65 with CKD, affecting over 30% of over-70s. Long-term trends in this group are understudied. This study examines the national mortality trends (1999–2023) among older U.S. adults with sepsis…
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Fish-Bone Migration to the Liver Causing Hepatic Abscess: A Scoping Review of Published Cases (2015–2025)
Background: Foreign body ingestion is common; however, migration of an ingested fish bone into the liver with subsequent abscess formation is rare, frequently presents with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, and poses a diagnostic challenge in routine clinical practice, often…
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HSV-2–Associated Mollaret’s Meningitis in a Patient with History of Prior Episodes: A Case Report
Mollaret meningitis is a rare, recurrent form of aseptic lymphocytic meningitis, most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. The clinical presentation includes sudden, recurring attacks of headache, meningismus, and lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis…
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HIV in Egypt: from Silent Emergence to Concentrated Epidemic - A Narrative Review of Past, Present, and Future
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to represent one of the most significant public health challenges, with Egypt facing a rapidly and silently growing epidemic masked by its low-prevalence classification. This narrative review tracks the historical…
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Sepsis Mortality Among Patients with Myeloid Leukemia in the United States, 1999–2023: Insights, Trends, and Disparities
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that complicates major diseases like myeloid leukemia. Both conditions can lead to morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, trends in sepsis among myeloid leukemia patients remain understudied. Methods…
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Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Increases the Risk of Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Retrospective Study Using Real-World Data
Introduction: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a rare infectious adverse event. The association between post-ERCP PLA and endoscopic sphincterotomy has not been extensively studied. Methods: We conducted a retrospective…
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Cutaneous Maculopapular Eruptions in Brucellosis: A Case Report in an Occupationally Exposed Adult
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Brucella species, most commonly B. melitensis and B. abortus. While systemic symptoms such as fever and arthralgia are well recognized, cutaneous manifestations are rare, occurring in only 0.4–17% of cases. A 30-year-old male…
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Effectiveness of Alcohol Gel-Based Antiseptics Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: An in vitro Experimental Study
Background: Since the 19th century, asepsis has revolutionized public health, and hand hygiene remains a cornerstone of infection control, particularly in healthcare settings with high exposure to resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy…
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Infective Endocarditis with Severe Aortic Regurgitation Complicated by Type A Aortic Dissection in a Tricuspid Aortic Valve: A Case Report
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe infection of the endocardial surface, most commonly affecting cardiac valves. Aortic dissection (AD) is a rare but life-threatening complication of IE. We report a case of IE with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) complicated by Type A AD…
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Emphysematous Gastritis in a Patient with Concomitant COVID-19 Infection and Celiac Trunk Stenosis: A Case Report
This case report reviews a 75-year-old male with several comorbidities who presented with acute encephalopathy and sepsis in the setting of COVID-19 pneumonia, who was noted to have significant gaseous distention of the stomach, emphysematous gastritis (EG), and severe stenosis…
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Quality of sepsis management in the Emergency Department at Goulburn Valley Health, Victoria, Australia: A Retrospective Audit
Background: This audit aims to assess the care of sepsis at Goulburn Valley Health by comparing current practice with national benchmarks and the local sepsis protocol. The secondary objectives explore relationships between different clinical factors and sepsis care to provide…
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Socio-Cultural Determinants of Access to HIV Treatment and Care Among Pregnant and Postpartum People: A Systematic Review Protocol
Introduction: HIV-related maternal mortality remains high in many low-resource settings despite global declines. Lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves maternal and child outcomes, yet ART initiation, retention, and adherence remain suboptimal during pregnancy and…
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Near-miss Osteomyelitis in an Immunosuppressed Crohn’s Disease Patient: Diagnostic Vigilance Sparked by a Medical Student
Crohn's disease (CD) patients on immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infections, including osteomyelitis, which could be diagnostically challenging. This case highlights the importance of medical student vigilance in making a near-miss diagnosis of osteomyelitis…
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Improving Inpatient Care for Acute Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) account for high hospital use; guideline-concordant diagnostics, oxygen titration, and discharge planning are often under-delivered. We aim to measure baseline compliance with eight AECOPD process…
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Rare Case of Disseminated Nocardiosis with Simultaneous Lung, Brain, and Spinal Cord Involvement in a Patient with Sarcoidosis
Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection commonly affecting the lungs in immunocompromised individuals. We present an unusual case of disseminated nocardiosis involving the spinal cord and brain in a patient previously diagnosed with sarcoidosis and treated with…
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Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Fluvoxamine in COVID-19 Patients: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Introduction: Fluvoxamine is an agonist for the sigma-1 receptor, through which it controls inflammation. It helps reduce the cytokine storm associated with the COVID-19 virus by regulating the production of IL-6 and gene expression. This review of systematic reviews (SRs) aims…
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A Comprehensive Review of Fluid Resuscitation Techniques in Sepsis in Patients with Heart Failure
Introduction: Fluid management in sepsis patients with pre-existing heart failure presents a complex clinical challenge, as these patients require adequate resuscitation while avoiding fluid overload that could worsen cardiac function. This article aims to explore optimal fluid…
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An Unusual Case of Disseminated Hydatid Disease: A Laparoscopic Wonder
Human echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, is a zoonotic disease in which ingested eggs of the tapeworm form cysts in the organs known as Hydatid cysts. These cysts are commonly found in the Liver and lungs, but in rare cases, they can also be found in the spleen…
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Comparative Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cetrimide, Dettol, and Lizol Against Six Different Microbial Species on Epoxy-Coated Pharmaceutical Surfaces Using Surface Challenge Method
Introduction: Disinfectants are vital in the pharmaceutical industry's sanitization process and contamination control programs. However, many pharmaceutical companies lack systematic policies for selecting appropriate disinfectants, often relying solely on manufacturer claims…
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Probiotics: A Promising Ally in Burn Treatment
This review explores the potential therapeutic benefits of probiotics in the treatment of burn injuries, with the aim of addressing the limitations of traditional therapeutic approaches. It offers a comprehensive analysis of burn pathophysiology, including a wide range of burn…
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Pancreatic Rest Complicated by Actinomyces Gastric Abscess in a Young Male: A Case Report
Pancreatic rest, or ectopic pancreatic tissue, is a rare condition. It is characterized by pancreatic tissue outside its usual location, most commonly in the gastric antrum or proximal small intestine. We present a rare case of a 21-year-old male with recurrent epigastric pain…
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Challenges and Infectious Complications in Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review
Background: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a crucial therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease in Egypt, where deceased donor grafts are scarce. This study aims to investigate the challenges and infectious complications associated with LDLT in…
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Antibiotic Knowledge, Perception, and Practice of Intern Doctors in Turkey: A Survey Study
Background: This study aimed to measure intern doctors' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about antibiotic treatment and determine the situation on the subject. Methods: A 34-question questionnaire was prepared for the study, and volunteers were administered the…
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Prevalence of Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with and without HIV: Retrospective Multicenter Study
Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a frequent complication in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study aims to evaluate the impact of HIV status on the prevalence of MASLD in patients with T2D. Methods: We utilized the…
