Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
Peer-reviewed articles on diabetes, thyroid disease and other hormonal and metabolic disorders.
This page collects peer-reviewed articles on diabetes, thyroid and adrenal disease, obesity, and other hormonal and metabolic disorders. Most come from ASIDE Endocrinology, with related articles from ASIDE Internal Medicine and other ASIDE journals. It includes original research, population studies of metabolic disease, reviews and case reports. Every article is free to read under a CC BY 4.0 licence, and authors pay no fee to publish. Articles are listed newest first; follow a title to read the abstract and full text.
Articles from ASIDE Case Reports, ASIDE Endocrinology, ASIDE Gastroenterology, ASIDE Health Sciences, ASIDE Infectious Diseases and ASIDE Internal Medicine, newest first.
Articles
-
Comparative Outcomes of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists versus Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Cirrhosis
Background: Cirrhosis and metabolic comorbidities frequently coexist. Both glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown cardiometabolic and hepatic benefits, but their comparative effectiveness in…
-
Chronic Maxillary Osteomyelitis Mimicking Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in a Woman With Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Background: Unilateral destructive sinonasal disease in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes immediately raises concern for rhino-maxillary mucormycosis. Because invasive fungal infection can progress rapidly, early recognition and tissue diagnosis are essential. However…
-
Racial and Ethnic Disparities Across the MASLD/MASH Care Continuum in the United States: A Narrative Review
Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects 25.6% of U.S. adults and is the fastest-growing indication for liver transplantation. The 2023 MASLD nomenclature change, 2024 FDA approval of resmetirom, and 2025 accelerated approval of…
-
Trends in Mortality Co-Reporting Heart Failure and Metabolic Syndrome–Related Conditions Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥25 Years, 1999–2023: A CDC WONDER Analysis
Background Heart failure frequently coexists with cardiometabolic conditions commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. Characterizing long-term mortality patterns involving these co-reported conditions may help identify populations with a disproportionate burden. Methods We…
-
Efficacy and Safety of Lower- versus Higher-Dose Baxdrostat in Adults with Resistant or Uncontrolled Hypertension, Including a CKD-Enriched Population: An Indirect Subgroup Comparison from Placebo-Controlled Trials — A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with GRADE Assessment
Background: Baxdrostat is a selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor proposed for the treatment of resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. However, evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of low doses (0.5–1 mg) and high doses (2–4 mg) compared with placebo remains limited…
-
Short-Term Changes in Hematologic Inflammatory Indices During Exenatide Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used to treat T2DM. Mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte…
-
Overlapping Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Gestational Thyrotoxicosis, and Transaminitis in Early Pregnancy: A Case Report
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG), characterized by excessive emesis, fluid depletion, electrolyte imbalance, and weight loss, is a condition that affects approximately 0.3-2% of pregnancies. In this case report, we highlight the importance of careful investigation, evaluation, and…
-
The Liver-Heart Axis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Implications of the MASLD Redefinition for Internists
Introduction: Metabolically-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a paradigm shift emphasizing the metabolic underpinnings of hepatic steatosis and its systemic consequences. MASLD carries a substantial cardiovascular burden. This review examines the…
-
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Multisystemic Narrative Review of Cardiovascular and Oncological Implications
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has surpassed viral hepatitis as the primary driver of chronic liver disease globally. While traditionally viewed through the lens of hepatic progression, its clinical trajectory is increasingly defined…
-
Low-Grade Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as Drivers of Obesity-Related Complications: A Narrative Review
Background: The global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, with incidence rates differing markedly between regions. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on how adipocyte dysfunction connects inflammatory and oxidative pathways to obesity-related complications…
-
National-Level Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis with and without Coma: A Retrospective Analysis of 2.3 Million U.S. Hospitalizations
Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains a significant complication of diabetes associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes among patients with DKA, both with and without coma, using a nationally representative database and…
-
Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Presenting as Congestive Heart Failure Exacerbation and Thyroid Storm: Role of Plasmapheresis in Management and Prevention of Complications
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a subtype of thyrotoxicosis caused by the long-term administration of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone. It’s classified into type 1 AIT, which is defined as hypersecretion of the thyroid hormone, while type 2 AIT is destructive…
-
Bridging the Gap between Evidence and Practice: Nationwide Retrospective Analysis of Lipid-Modifying Therapy Prescription Patterns in 5 Million Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with dyslipidemia and significantly increased cardiovascular risk, making lipid-modifying therapy a crucial preventive intervention in these patients. Despite clear guidelines recommending statin therapy for both…
-
Benign Pheochromocytoma Coming Back with Bony Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Pheochromocytoma is an uncommon adrenal medulla tumor that secretes catecholamines. It is usually a benign condition and is generally treated with adrenalectomy; in a small proportion of cases, however, it might return or spread. Pheochromocytoma is uncommon to recur or…
-
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome: A Case Report with Literature Review
Resistance to thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) is a rare condition causing abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) characterized by elevated thyroid hormone levels with unsuppressed Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Thyroid hormone action involves multiple steps, and…
-
Concurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represent serious medical emergencies with a complex bidirectional relationship. The clinical presentations and outcomes of these conditions when they co-occur remain incompletely characterized in the…
-
Rare Presentation of Werner Syndrome in a 28-Year-Old Female Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Werner Syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accelerated aging and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. This case report presents a unique instance of WS from Pakistan, featuring a novel mutation in the WRN gene. Known as progeria…
-
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Liver Transplant Outcomes in Lean Versus Non-Lean Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Patients
Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent hepatic disease with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) as its severe necro-inflammatory subtype. At present, it is the second leading cause of liver transplant. A…
-
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Behavioral Lifestyle Assessment Tool: A Methodological Case Study with Graduate-Level Women
Introduction: Obesity in adults remains a pressing public health issue in the United States, closely linked to modifiable behaviors such as diet, physical activity, stress, sleep, and substance use. This study aimed to develop and pilot a brief, multidimensional assessment tool…
-
Impact of Serum Adiponectin Level on Insulin and hs-CRP in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and systemic inflammation. Adiponectin—a hormone produced mainly by adipose tissue—enhances insulin sensitivity and exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties. This study evaluated serum…
-
Prevalence of Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with and without HIV: Retrospective Multicenter Study
Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a frequent complication in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study aims to evaluate the impact of HIV status on the prevalence of MASLD in patients with T2D. Methods: We utilized the…
-
Epidemiological Patterns of Diabetes Mellitus in The United States of America: An Observational Multicenter Analysis From 1990 to 2024
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus represents a significant public health challenge, however, the current trends in its epidemiology remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological changes and demographic patterns in diabetes incidence and prevalence…
-
Noonan Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Case Study and Literature Review
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, typically characterized by unique physical features, congenital heart defects, and short stature. Osteoporosis (OP), although uncommon in NS, can significantly impact patients'…
-
Real-World Epidemiological Analysis of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A TriNetX-Based Study
Introduction: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas (GI-NECs) are a diverse group of aggressive tumors with variable clinical outcomes. Although progress has been made in classifying and treating these cancers, detailed real-world data on their anatomical distribution and…
-
Investigating Racial Disparities in Insulin Pump Use Among People with Type 1 Diabetes Across the United States: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Introduction: Despite technological advances in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) management, racial disparities in insulin pump utilization persist. We investigated patterns of insulin pump adoption across different racial groups using a large-scale, multi-institutional database…
-
Safety and Efficacy of Metformin for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A U.S.-Based Real-World Data Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Introduction: Managing idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is challenging due to limited treatment options. This study evaluates metformin as a potential therapy for IIH, examining its impact on disease outcomes and safety. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort…
