War Injuries of External Male Genitalia: A Prospective Single-Center Study from the General Military Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen (2022–2024)

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  • Wael Alsaqaf General Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1622-6613 (unauthenticated)
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Khaled Alkohlany Sana’a University, Sana'a, Yemen; General Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Majdi Alshami
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Mahmood Shaif
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Abdullah Al-Sakkaf 21 September University of Medical and Applied Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen; General Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-9491 (unauthenticated)
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Ahmed Farei General Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Aziz Shamsan General Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6767-0481 (unauthenticated)
    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests related to the subject matter of this research. The author has not received any financial support, funding, reimbursements, or benefits from any organization that could gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript. The author holds no stocks, shares, or other financial interests in any relevant entities.

  • Nasser Albaddai General Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1995-0951
    Competing Interests

    None

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71079/ASIDE.HS.012126461

Abstract

Background: War-related external male genital injuries are uncommon but clinically significant, often coexisting with severe pelvic, vascular, and musculoskeletal trauma and causing potential long-term functional, cosmetic, and psychological effects.

Methods: This prospective, single-center study at the General Military Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen, included all consecutive male patients presenting with war-related external genital injuries from April 2022 to March 2024. Minor isolated injuries were managed in the emergency department, while severe or associated injuries required admission. Data collected included injury mechanism, management, complications, and short-term outcomes. Primary outcomes were injury patterns, management strategies, and one-month clinical outcomes. Secondary outcomes included complications, erectile function, cosmetic acceptability, and semen analysis at one month.

Results: Fifty-two patients (mean age 23.3 ± 4.9 years) were included. Penetrating trauma occurred in 44 (84.6%) and blunt trauma in 8 (15.4%). Penile injuries were seen in 16 (30.8%) and testicular injuries in 46 (88.4%). Isolated genital injuries occurred in 20 (38.4%), with 32 (61.5%) having associated injuries. All patients underwent surgery for penetrating wounds, large hematomas, or hematoceles. At one-month follow-up, early complications occurred in 12/52 patients, including wound infections (15.4%) and urinary tract infections (7.7%). Of 42 patients completing investigations, semen analysis was normal in 71.4%, and 28.6% had abnormal semen parameters. Late complications included testicular atrophy (33.3%), erectile dysfunction (4.8%), and post-operative penile curvature (4.8%).

Conclusion: Prompt assessment and timely surgical management are essential. While most patients had satisfactory short-term outcomes, a notable proportion experienced complications, highlighting the need for structured protocols and longer follow-up.

Keywords:

War injuries, External genital trauma, Penile injury, Testicular injury, Surgical management

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Data Availability Statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are not publicly available because they include sensitive, patient-level information collected in a military hospital setting. De-identified data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to approval by the General Military Hospital Ethics Committee and any applicable local regulations.

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Copyright (c) 2026 Wael Alsaqaf, Khaled Alkohlany, Majdi Alshami, Mahmood Shaif, Abdullah Al-Sakkaf, Ahmed Farei, Aziz Shamsan, Nasser Albaddai

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Published

2026-01-21

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Issue 2

Section

Original Article

How to Cite

1.
Alsaqaf W, Alkohlany K, Alshami M, et al. War Injuries of External Male Genitalia: A Prospective Single-Center Study from the General Military Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen (2022–2024). ASIDE Health Sci. 2026;2(2):18-23. doi:10.71079/ASIDE.HS.012126461

Article history

Received
23 Dec 2025
Received in revised form
5 Jan 2026
Accepted
19 Jan 2026
Published
21 Jan 2026